单对以太网部署的一些早期应用利用了以太网-APL 联盟所做的工作，该联盟已将单对以太网物理应用到工业过程应用中。利用该联盟所做的工作，客户可以开始对他们的 HART、基金会现场总线和 PROFIBUS 现场总线安装进行未来验证。当前部署上述系统的客户可以轻松验证他们的系统是否已为单对以太网做好了性能准备，并为将来将系统升级到 HART-IP、Foundation Fieldbus HSE 或 PROFINET 扫清了道路。

威猛 (Vermeer) 表示，其他串行密集型自动化应用，例如在楼宇自动化中使用 BACnet MS/TP，对于这项面向未来的努力也已经成熟。通过将串行和模拟电缆规格升级到满足 TIA 或 IEC 单对以太网要求的规格，楼宇业主和运营商可以确信他们的物理基础设施已准备好支持下一代智能楼宇设备。



 

“单对以太网将以太网带到了边缘，同时解决了阻碍以太网全面采用的几个问题，取代了串行和模拟网络。单对以太网的基本功能提供超过 1 公里的通信，是标准以太网距离的 10 倍，”维米尔说。“单对以太网做到了这一点，同时提供 10 Mb/s 的带宽，是现场总线协议提供的带宽的 300 倍。此外，通过 Ethernet-APL 联盟，单对以太网解决了将以太网带入爆炸危险环境的挑战。借助 Ethernet-APL 的这种功能，设备可以在以太网上运行，而无需在这些环境中进行 2 对或 4 对 IP 连接所需的重要保护措施。”

网络安全的重要性

IT-OT 强调灵活和安全的访问

西门子网络安全产品负责人 Sophie Richerzhagen 告诉 IEB，关键技术趋势正日益伴随着网络安全对行业日益重要的重要性。

“这一领域已经在影响工业市场中设备和服务的发展，而且在过去 24 个月的移动办公爆炸式增长中加速了这一进程。在办公/IT（信息技术）领域，移动办公早已确立，但对更灵活、更安全地访问运营技术 (OT) 中的系统和应用程序的需求也在不断增长，”Richerzhagen 表示。

在企业范围内访问工业应用程序的好处已经对解决 OT 和 IT 的不同要求的网络安全解决方案的需求不断增加。在 IT 领域，零信任安全模型已被证明对具有动态设备池的网络有效；每个用户和设备都必须不断证明其身份和完整性的概念，无论是否在网络边界内。相比之下，根据 IEC 62443 作为深度防御的一部分，基于边界的工业安全概念用于保护具有多年来发展的工业通信网络的 OT 系统。

工业自动化领域的供应商西门子和零信任领域的供应商 Zscaler Inc. 扩展了深度防御 OT 概念，使其进一步受到零信任原则的保护。结合现有的 OT 安全机制，这允许实现细粒度访问概念。

“有了这种基本保护，公司可以基于现有技术提供新产品和服务。例如，西门子内部的安全 IT/OT 集成为制造业提供了对 X 射线检测系统的远程访问，以加快诊断速度。同样，质量保证工程师也可以进入他们的操作制造过程，以进行预防性检查或更快地解决严重问题。工业网络安全正在支撑工业 4.0 带来的更大数字化用例，”Richerzhagen 补充道。



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PLC模块，可编程控制器，CPU模块，IO模块，DO模块，AI模块，DI模块，网通信模块，

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“Single Pair Ethernet brings Ethernet to the edge, while addressing several issues that have prevented full-scale adoption of ethernet, replacing serial and analog networks. The base capability of Single Pair Ethernet provides for communication over 1Km, 10x the distance of standard ethernet,” Vermeer said. “Single Pair Ethernet does this while providing 10 Mb/s, 300x the bandwidth offered by fieldbus protocols. Also, through the Ethernet-APL consortium Single Pair Ethernet addresses the challenge of bringing ethernet into explosion hazard environments. With this capability of Ethernet-APL, devices can be operated over ethernet without the significant protection measures that would otherwise be required for 2- or 4-pair IP connections in these environments.”

Importance of cybersecurity

IT-OT emphasis on flexible and secure access

Sophie Richerzhagen, Product Owner – Cybersecurity for Siemens, told IEB that key technical trends are increasingly accompanied by the growing importance of cybersecurity for industry.

“This field is already influencing the development of devices and services in the industrial market, and has only been accelerated by the mobile working explosion from the last 24 months. In the office/IT (Information Technology) world, mobile working in general has long been established, but there is also a growing demand for more flexible and secure access to systems and applications in operational technology (OT),” Richerzhagen stated.

The benefits of enterprise-wide access to industrial applications have created an increasing demand for cybersecurity solutions that tackle the different requirements of OT and IT. In IT, the Zero Trust security model has proved effective for networks with dynamic pools of devices; a concept in which every user and device must continuously prove their identity and integrity, whether within the network perimeter or not. In contrast, the perimeter-based industrial security concept as part of Defense-in-Depth according to IEC 62443 is used to protect OT systems with industrial communication networks that have grown over years.

Siemens, a leading provider in the field of industrial automation, and Zscaler Inc., a leading provider in the field of Zero Trust, have expanded the Defense-in-Depth OT concept to be additionally secured by Zero Trust principles. In combination with the existing OT security mechanisms, this allows implementation of a granular access concept.

“With this fundamental protection, companies can offer new products and services based on their existing technology. For instance, secure IT/OT integration within Siemens has provided manufacturing with remote access to X-ray inspection systems for faster diagnostics. Similarly, quality assurance engineers can also tunnel into their operative manufacturing processes for preventative inspection or faster resolution of acute issues. Cybersecurity for industry is underpinning the larger digitalization use-cases that Industry 4.0 has brought to the forefront,” Richerzhagen added.