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机器人已经比许多人意识到的要广泛得多。它们现在对许多行业至关重要,为创新带来了新的机遇和途径。从机器人中获益多的行业之一是交通运输。
在制造业之外,机器人技术在交通运输中的应用是一个相对较新的现象。尽管相对新颖,但机器人已经在运输行业取得了长足的进步,推动了多个子行业和应用的创新。没有机器人,现代交通就不一样了,未来只会巩固这一点。
以下是机器人如何推动运输业向前发展,以及它们可以从这里走向何方。
机器人推动交通创新的标志性的例子可能是自动驾驶汽车。虽然全自动驾驶汽车尚未成为现实,但自动化功能已经为当今的汽车带来了重大改进。自动制动、车道修正和自适应巡航控制都是当今车辆中机器人控制的例子。
自动紧急制动已将配备它的汽车的后部碰撞减少了 50%。这些系统依靠机器视觉等机器人技术来识别和响应障碍物。然后,他们将整个车辆变成一种机器人,无需人工输入即可行动。
今天阻碍全自动汽车的是机器人技术还不够先进。他们的人工智能 (AI) 系统必须非常快速地做出响应,即使对于机器人也是如此,并且在变化和不可预测的情况下始终如一地执行。随着机器人的进步和这些目标的实现,真正的自动驾驶汽车将成为日常现实。
虽然完全机器人乘用车已被证明是一个挑战,但自动化公共交通可能更容易。公共汽车、火车和班车遵循固定路线,提供了当今机器人良好运行所需的可预测性。他们通常还会在专用空间中行驶,从而降低与其他车辆发生碰撞的风险。
德国巴特比恩巴赫市于 2017 年开始测试自动驾驶巴士。,它已完成 10,000 多公里的无人驾驶旅行,搭载约 20,000 名乘客。制造自动班车的公司 EasyMile 已帮助全球城市建立无人驾驶巴士路线。
2019 年,一列自动驾驶列车在 48 英里的轨道上牵引 30 辆货车,展示了无人驾驶列车的潜力。随着美国希望扩大其铁路系统并使其现代化,自动驾驶列车可能会变得司空见惯。早期制动等人工智能功能也可以使铁路旅行更安全。
虽然自动驾驶汽车可能是机器人在交通运输中令人兴奋的应用,但它们远非。运输行业中机器人技术更常见的用例是在制造车辆的制造中心。自动化已成为汽车制造的关键部分,可实现更高的产量。
Tesla Gigafactory 在机器人技术使用方面处于行业地位,某些部分实现了 90% 的自动化,几乎不需要人工输入。这种高水平的自动化使工厂能够在创纪录的时间内生产出技术复杂的车辆,以满足高需求。考虑到特斯拉 Cyber truck在一个月的预购量如何超过 250,000辆,这种速度至关重要。
更快的生产时间也让汽车制造商在更短的时间内推出新车型。因此,他们可以生产出创新、并将其交到驾驶员手中,而这个想法仍然是新的和令人兴奋的。
Robots are already far more widespread than many people realize. They’re now essential to many industries, unlocking new opportunities and avenues for innovation. One of the sectors that stands to gain the most from robots is transportation.
Outside of manufacturing, the implementation of robotics in transportation is a relatively recent phenomenon. Despite this relative novelty, robots have already made significant strides in the transportation industry, driving innovation across multiple sub-sectors and applications. Modern transportation wouldn’t be the same without robots, and the future will only serve to solidify this.
Here’s how robots are pushing the transportation industry forward and where they could go from here.
Perhaps the most iconic example of robots driving innovation in transport is self-driving cars. While fully autonomous vehicles are not yet a reality, automated features have already brought significant improvements to cars today. Automatic braking, lane correction, and adaptive cruise control are all examples of robotic control in today’s vehicles.
Automatic emergency braking has cut rear collisions by 50% in cars that have it. These systems rely on robotic technologies like machine vision to recognize and respond to obstacles. They then turn the entire vehicle into a type of robot, acting without human input.
The only things holding back fully autonomous cars today are robotic technologies that are not yet advanced enough. Their artificial intelligence (AI) systems have to respond remarkably quickly, even for a robot, and perform consistently in varying and unpredictable situations. As robots advance and these goals become possible, true self-driving cars will become a daily reality.
While fully robotic passenger vehicles have proved a challenge, automating public transit may be easier. Buses, trains, and shuttles follow fixed routes, providing the predictability that robots today need to perform well. They also typically travel in dedicated spaces, reducing the risk of collision with other vehicles.
The city of Bad Birnbach, Germany, started testing an autonomous bus in 2017. Within the first year, it had completed more than 10,000 kilometers of driverless travel, carrying around 20,000 passengers. EasyMile, the company that made the autonomous shuttle, has since helped cities across the globe establish driverless bus routes.
In 2019, an autonomous train pulled 30 freight cars across 48 miles of track, showing the potential of driverless trains. As the U.S. looks to expand and modernize its rail system, autonomous trains could become commonplace. AI features like early braking could make rail travel safer, too.
While autonomous vehicles may be the most exciting application of robots in transportation, they’re far from the only one. A more common use case for robotics in the transport industry is in the manufacturing centers that build vehicles. Automation has become a critical part of car manufacturing, enabling higher output.
The Tesla Gigafactory leads the industry in robotics use, with some sections being 90% automated, requiring almost no human input. This high level of automation lets the factory produce its technologically complex vehicles in record time to meet high demand. Considering how the Tesla Cybertruck sold more than 250,000 preorders in its first month, that speed is essential.
Faster production times also let automakers roll out new models in less time. As a result, they can produce innovative, cutting-edge designs and get them in drivers’ hands while the idea is still new and exciting.
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